Identifying criteria for effective urban vehicle access regulations adoption

Abstract Background Urban Vehicle Access Regulations (UVAR) hold great potential to reduce negative transport externalities driven by increased mobility demand and rapid urbanisation. However, as they are measures the wicked problem of climate change mitigation achieving overall sustainability, their implementation pathways often complex due multidimensionality sustainability other challenges. Although decision support tools like multi-criteria analysis might help simplify these complexities, selecting appropriate criteria based on peculiarity UVAR remains pertinent. This study contributes sustainable literature address this challenge identifying relevant for measure planning process using Delphi survey approach. Results It begins with 23 systematically selected from scientific clustered into four dimensions in first round. was expanded 30 five second round participating experts' ratings rankings. The consensus results showed that most identified were considered be planning, public acceptability, stakeholder engagement, political agenda, impacts air pollution accessibility important. Conclusions Apart helping urban authorities select feasible effective measures, resulting assessment structure will also identify main barriers drivers adoption. aid monitoring evaluation phases upon implementation.